法学研究

文章摘要

原情与抑情：从“崔三过失杀父案”看清代中期的礼教与司法

Relationship Between Confucian Ethics and Judicature in the Middle Qing Dynasty:Observing through Cuisan Case

DOI：

英文关键词: yuanqing lunzui|consequential responsibility|judicature in the Qing Dynasty|mingxing bijiao|legitimacy

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作者	单位
姚宇

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中文摘要:

同治初年两位士人针对嘉庆五年“崔三过失杀父”一案判决所作的驳议,折射出官民双方对服制命案司法的理解分歧。分析可知,双方关于崔三是否有罪的观点差异,表面上来自对传统法中“过失”范围的不同理解,实则根源于在以卑犯尊案件中应当如何处理主观犯意,亦即“原情”与“抑情”的立场分歧。诸多案例表明,刑部“抑情就法”的结果责任倾向,在当时的侵害尊长案件中十分普遍。究其原因,此种倾向很可能受到清代中期服制立法扩张和严格化的影响。从政治文化史的角度看,以乾隆帝为代表的清代统治者在法律领域对伦理纲常的刻意维护,是推动上述立法与司法转变的重要力量。

英文摘要:

The refutations of the judgment in Cuisan Case in the 5 th year of Emperor Jiaqing's reign given by two Confucian scholars in the early years of Emperor Tongzhi's reign reflected the opposite views of officials and the common people on how to deal with crimes within family groups. The differences seemingly came from different interpretations of “negligence” in traditional Chinese law, but actually were rooted in the different positions on the issue of “yuanqing” or “yiqing”, namely, whether or not to consider the criminal intent in cases where the youth injured the elder within a family. Many materials indicate that it was common for the Ministry of Punishments to adopt the consequential responsibility principle on this issue, which means ignoring the intent when judging such cases at that time. An analysis shows that this tendency was likely to be caused by the expansion of laws on crimes within family groups in the middle Qing Dynasty. From the perspective of political and cultural history, the intentional protection of Confucian moral order in the legal field by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, represented by Emperor Qianlong, was the critical driver of these legislative and judicial changes.

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