法学研究

文章摘要

孝道:中国传统法律的核心价值

Filial Morality: the Core Value of Chinese Legal Tradition

DOI：

英文关键词: filial piety;traditional law;filial legal culture

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作者	单位
龙大轩

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中文摘要:

孝道乃数千年中国文化之精华,对传统法律制度影响至深。孝道与法律之融合,始自上古三代,经秦汉以来的努力,到唐朝终于定型为一套完整的孝道法律体系。法律制定以孝道为指导,厘定“利亲”、“善事”、“慎终”三个层次,并设计出惩治不孝犯罪的周密刑罚体系。法律运行以维护孝道为宗旨,出现“存留养亲”、“宽容复仇”等各种屈法以伸伦理的制度和惯例。孝道遂成为传统立法与司法的核心价值,形成独特而又一以贯之的孝道法文化,对古代社会的秩序构建和人性磨砺发挥了至关重要的作用,直至清末法制改革方始解体。今日建构和谐社会,若能对其进行创造性转化,于弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化、推进法制建设必大有裨助。

英文摘要:

The idea of “filial morality” is the gem of the traditional Chinese culture that has a profound influence on China's traditional legal system. The integration of “filial morality” and law started in the “three dynasties in remote antiquity”, namely Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, continuously developed in the Qin and Han Dynasties, until a complete legal system centered on filial piety was ultimately formed in the Tang Dynasty. Accordingly, the traditional legislative system was instituted under the guidance of “filial piety”, which had the triple meanings of “always benefiting kindred”, “serving ancestors with filial devotion” and “prudently attending the elders' funeral ceremony”, and an elaborately designed feudal legal system against “unfilial crimes” was established. Thus, the operation of the law took the protection of “filial morality” as its ultimate goal, resulting in various moral principles or conventional rules that gave priority to ethical doctrines over law, such as the “system of permitting culprit to support lineal elders” and “tolerance for revenge”. The idea of “filial morality”,therefore,had become the core value of the legislative and judicial systems and constituted a unique and consistent “filial legal culture”, which played a crucial role in the construction of social order and development of humanity throughout the ancient Chinese history until its disintegration at the end of the Qing dynasty. Today, in the process of building a harmonious society, a creative transformation of the traditional “filial legal culture” will contribute greatly to carrying forward the reasonable elements of the traditional Chinese legal culture and promoting the construction of the legal system in China.

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